冬季做好(hao)養鴨的防寒(han)保溫工(gong)作
冬季(ji)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)寒(han)冷,鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)群(qun)(qun)易受(shou)到冷應激而導致生產(chan)性能(neng)下降,抵抗力(li)降低(di),引起鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)肝、鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)流感、傳(chuan)染性漿(jiang)(jiang)膜炎、腹(fu)水癥,副傷寒(han)等疾病(bing)。因此(ci),應當加強(qiang)冬季(ji)的(de)(de)飼養(yang)管理。 1.減少(shao)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)舍(she)(she)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)散(san)發(fa)(fa)。在(zai)寒(han)流來到之前,首先應搞好(hao)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)舍(she)(she)的(de)(de)維修,對房頂(ding)隔熱(re)差的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)加蓋一(yi)層草(cao)苫子(zi)(zi)(zi)或稻(dao)草(cao);窗戶要(yao)(yao)掛(gua)草(cao)簾子(zi)(zi)(zi),且建(jian)議“拉鐵(tie)絲,上(shang)(shang)圍子(zi)(zi)(zi)”,即在(zai)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)舍(she)(she)南檐(yan)及北(bei)檐(yan)各拉一(yi)根鐵(tie)絲,在(zai)鐵(tie)絲上(shang)(shang)邊掛(gua)雙層塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)布,下面用(yong)沙土壓好(hao);通風(feng)(feng)口自(zi)上(shang)(shang)而下自(zi)由控制(zhi)。門口要(yao)(yao)掛(gua)上(shang)(shang)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)簾子(zi)(zi)(zi)。建(jian)議受(shou)北(bei)風(feng)(feng)襲擊(ji)的(de)(de)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)舍(she)(she)好(hao)在(zai)其北(bei)面建(jian)擋風(feng)(feng)墻或風(feng)(feng)帳,建(jian)立(li)一(yi)個保(bao)護(hu)緩沖層。 2.供給(gei)適宜的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。大(da)多數養(yang)殖戶的(de)(de)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)舍(she)(she)主要(yao)(yao)靠火爐供溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。要(yao)(yao)依據(ju)具體情(qing)況(kuang)設置(zhi)數套火爐,確(que)保(bao)舍(she)(she)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)適宜:1-3月齡(ling)32-28℃,4日齡(ling)后(hou)每(mei)天(tian)(tian)降1℃,15天(tian)(tian)以(yi)后(hou)為15℃,底10℃。要(yao)(yao)注意:舍(she)(she)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不可忽(hu)(hu)高(gao)(gao)忽(hu)(hu)低(di),前期(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)黑(hei)白溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差不能(neng)超(chao)過(guo)5℃,隨著(zhu)日齡(ling)增(zeng)加需(xu)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)逐漸(jian)變換,中(zhong)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差不超(chao)7℃。 3.減少(shao)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)體的(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)散(san)失(shi)。要(yao)(yao)防(fang)止賊(zei)風(feng)(feng)、穿堂風(feng)(feng)吹襲鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)體,否則,會使鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)體熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)散(san)失(shi),并(bing)易引起感冒,繼發(fa)(fa)漿(jiang)(jiang)膜炎等病(bing);防(fang)止羽毛被水淋濕(shi),不要(yao)(yao)讓肉鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)飲用(yong)冷水。要(yao)(yao)飲用(yong)20℃左(zuo)右的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水;墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)區(qu)(qu)墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)達5-8厘米,有條件的(de)(de)首先在(zai)墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)區(qu)(qu)鋪(pu)上(shang)(shang)1厘米厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)生石灰,再鋪(pu)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)層干細沙,然后(hou)再鋪(pu)墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),所選(xuan)墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)以(yi)麥秸、稻(dao)草(cao)、稻(dao)殼為主,稻(dao)殼好(hao)。墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)應干燥不發(fa)(fa)霉。 4.做好(hao)幾個環節(jie)的(de)(de)防(fang)寒(han)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)工作(zuo): (1)運(yun)雛(chu)(chu):好(hao)選(xuan)在(zai)中(zhong)午(wu)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)較高(gao)(gao)時(shi)接運(yun)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)苗,運(yun)雛(chu)(chu)車(che)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)控制(zhi)在(zai)22℃--25℃為宜,運(yun)雛(chu)(chu)箱(xiang)應留(liu)3-5厘米的(de)(de)空隙。 (2)擴(kuo)群(qun)(qun):擴(kuo)群(qun)(qun)前應將新開(kai)擴(kuo)的(de)(de)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)舍(she)(she)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)升(sheng)至適宜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du),如升(sheng)不起溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)來,因溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da)很容易造成肉鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)病(bing),尤其是育雛(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)更應注意。 (3)防(fang)疫(yi)和發(fa)(fa)病(bing)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。防(fang)疫(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)或在(zai)發(fa)(fa)生某種疾病(bing)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)好(hao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)同時(shi)適當提高(gao)(gao)舍(she)(she)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。
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2017-12-23